NATO Phonetic Alphabet

The NATO phonetic alphabet, more accurately known as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet and also called the ICAO phonetic or ICAO spelling alphabet, as well as the ITU phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used spelling alphabet. Although often called "phonetic alphabets", spelling alphabets are not associated with phonetic transcription systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet. Instead, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) alphabet assigned code words acrophonically to the letters of the English alphabet so that critical combinations of letters and numbers can be pronounced and understood by those who transmit and receive voice messages by radio or telephone regardless of language barriers or the presence of transmission static.

The 26 code words in the NATO phonetic alphabet are assigned to the 26 letters of the English alphabet in alphabetical order as follows: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu.

Code words

The final choice of code words for the letters of the alphabet and for the digits was made after hundreds of thousands of comprehension tests involving 31 nationalities. The qualifying feature was the likelihood of a code word being understood in the context of others. For example, football has a higher chance of being understood than foxtrot in isolation, but foxtrot is superior in extended communication.

The pronunciation of the code words varies according to the language habits of the speaker. To eliminate wide variations in pronunciation, recordings and posters illustrating the pronunciation desired by the ICAO are available. However, there are still differences in pronunciation between the ICAO and other agencies, and the ICAO has conflicting Roman-alphabet and IPA transcriptions. Also, although all codes for the letters of the alphabet are English words, they are not in general given English pronunciations. Assuming that the transcriptions are not intended to be precise, only 11 of the 26—Bravo, Echo, Hotel, Juliet(t), Kilo, Mike, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Whiskey, and Zulu—are given English pronunciations by all these agencies, though not always the same English pronunciations.

Letters

Letter	Code word	US Army standard
A	Alfa ATIS: Alpha	AL fah
B	Bravo	BRAH voh
C	Charlie	CHAR lee
D	Delta	DEL tah
E	Echo	EKK oh
F	Foxtrot	FOKS trot
G	Golf	Golf
H	Hotel	HO tell
I	India	IN dee ah
J	Juliett ATIS: Juliet	JEW lee ett
K	Kilo	KEY loh
L	Lima	LEE mah
M	Mike	Mike
N	November	NOH vem ber
O	Oscar	OSS car
P	Papa	PAH pah
Q	Quebec	keh BECK
R	Romeo	ROW me oh
S	Sierra	see AIR ah
T	Tango	TANG go
U	Uniform	YOU nee form
V	Victor	VIK ter
W	Whiskey	WISS key
X	X-ray or Xray	EKS ray
Y	Yankee	YANG kee
Z	Zulu	ZOO loo
- (hyphen)	Dash	DASH

Digits

Digit	Code word	Pronunciation
0	Zero	ZEE-RO
1	One	WUN
2	Two	TOO
3	Three	TREE
4	Four	FOW-ER
5	Five	FIFE
6	Six	SIX
7	Seven	SEV-EN
8	Eight	AIT
9	Niner	NIN-ER
100	Hundred	HUN-dred
1000	Thousand	TOU-SAND
. (decimal point)	Decimal	DAY-SEE-MAL
. (full stop)	Stop	STOP

Lorem Ipsum

Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing, typesetting and graphic design industries. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.

Why do we use it?

It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using ´Content here, content here, making it look like readable English.Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for ´lorem ipsum will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose.

A common form of lorem ipsum text reads as follows:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Twenty-one reasons why English is Hard to Learn

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Twenty-one reasons why English is Hard to Learn.
1. The bandage was wound around the wound.
2. The farm was used to produce produce.
3. The dump was so full it had to refuse more refuse.
4. We must polish the Polish furniture.
5. He could lead If he would get the lead out.
6. The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the desert.
7. Since there was no time like the present, he thought It was time to present the present.
8. A bass was painted on the head of the bass drum.
9. When shot at, the dove dove into the bushes.
10. I did not object to the object.
1l. The insurance was invalid for the invalid.
12. There was a row among the oarsmen on how to row.
13. They were too close to the door to close It.
14. The buck does funny things when does are present.
15. A seamstress and a sewer fell down into a sewer line.
16. To help with planting, the farmer taught his sow to sow.
17. The wind was too strong to wind the sail.
18. After a number of injections my jaw got number.
19. Upon seeing the tear In the painting I shed a tear.
20. I had to subject the subject to a series of tests.
21. How can I intimate this to my most intimate friend?...

yro'ue*

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LIKE
if you can raed tihs whit no porlqebm baecuas yuor jsut taht sarmt :)

yro'ue*

I Before E - Busted!

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i before e...
except when you run a feisty heist on a weird beige foreign neighbor 

Why English Is Hard to Learn

We'll begin with box; the plural is boxes,
But the plural of ox is oxen, not oxes.
One fowl is a goose, and two are called geese,
Yet the plural of moose is never called meese.

You may find a lone mouse or a house full of mice;
But the plural of house is houses, not hice.
The plural of man is always men,
But the plural of pan is never pen.

If I speak of a foot, and you show me two feet,
And I give you a book, would a pair be a beek?
If one is a tooth and a whole set are teeth,
Why shouldn't two booths be called beeth?

If the singular's this and the plural is these,
Should the plural of kiss be ever called keese?

We speak of a brother and also of brethren,
But though we say mother, we never say methren.
The the masculine pronouns are he, his and him;
But imagine the feminine ... she, shis, and shim!

Aloha

Aloha in the Hawaiian language means affection, peace, compassion and mercy. Since the middle of the 19th century, it also has come to be used as an English greeting to say goodbye and hello. Currently, it is mostly used in the sense of "hello".

It is also the state nickname of Hawaii, the "Aloha State".

Hell

In many religious traditions, hell is a place of suffering and punishment in an afterlife, often after resurrection. Religions with a linear divine history often depict hells as endless. Religions with a cyclic history often depict a hell as an intermediary period between incarnations. Typically these traditions locate hell under the Earth's external surface and often include entrances to Hell from the land of the living. Other afterlife destinations include Heaven, Purgatory, Paradise, and Limbo.

Punishment in Hell typically corresponds to sins committed during life. Sometimes these distinctions are specific, with damned souls suffering for each sin committed, but sometimes they are general, with condemned sinners relegated to one or more chamber of Hell or to a level of suffering.

But what stature does the meaning of HELL hold in the modern world? It no longer represents infernal punishment or a place for the dammed to suffer an eternity for their sins in life. The concept of hell has become a joke, quite literally.I say this because;

First off, the use of Hell as an exclamation:Used to express annoyance or surprise. A far cry for it's originating use.

Second, the media representation of hell in movies, music, television, etc has devolved into nothing short of a parody of it's former self. When the concept of hell started it was to stand for the worst place in the world where the worst atrocities took place. Now cartoons depict dimwitted characters entering hell with ease and escaping even easier. Songs after song are produced proclaiming deals with the devil, and surviving the forces of hell, all preformed by self-infatuated megalomaniacs with delusions of grandeur.

Now don't get me wrong, by no means am I saying I believe in the notion of Hell, or am I saying anyone that shows signs of a megalomaniac is bad for writing a song about a deal with the devil or what ever the case may be, because music is music and everyone has different reasons for what they do, self-expression, fame, creativity, etc.

Third, the idea of hell has over the years become diluted by it's saturation overuse and affiliation with inferior content. A few hundred years ago if someone was to merely mention the word hell in a conversation it would be so very serious and taken with the utmost regard. Today the word is used frivolously in conversation so much so that it has devolved into a minor curse. Society as a whole have become so desensitized to the word hell, as is the case with other forms of slander, that it has lost it's meaning and identity.

Fourth, the original usage and meaning of Hell was a place of suffering and punishment in an afterlife, Hell was to depict what a life of evil would lead to, most likely as an institution geared towards frightening citizens away from the sins and crimes against the fellow human that were of the day and age. An act of social deviance, severe enough, would result with the doer being cast down into the fiery abyss to suffer worse than anything imaginable.

In conclusion, I remain impartial to the ever changing meaning and usage of Hell because after all one of the things I really enjoy about the English language is how new words are perpetually incorporated, discontinued and evolved over the years. Like a constant machine of consumption the English have throughout history explored new lands and when a new land was already inhabited the English would conquer but in doing so they would incorporate the native ways of life into the newly created lands and in turn bring parts of the new ways of life back to England and spread to other colonies, and thus further advancing the greater whole. Now in this age of technological advancements we have already seen changes in language, such as LOL, and we will continue to see many more advances, whether they truly be conceived as a step forward or back. Or consider the utter complexity of language, taking this into consideration that perhaps language cannot be simply conceived in the 2D (two-dimensional) and more critical analysis is required to understand the full complexity of it all.

Can You Read This?

Can you read this in first attempt?

Not possible to read anything at all? Follow the guidelines bellow.

Close your eyes almost 90% so that you can actually read it, it's really cool.

Test yourself.

The way this works is, when reading, your eyes and brain work together to take in information and make sense of what it is. One of the steps in understanding what it being read, your brain must see what the text is and what is the background. In this example the boarder of the text is the same color as the text itself, therefore your brain thinks the text is the background and so it tries to understand what the background says which it thinks is the text. 

It is much easier for humans to read black text on a white background because those two colors are contrasted more than any other, like if there was black text on a gray background it would take longer to differentiate the two apart and thus take more effort to read what is write. It is also much easier for people to read black text on a white background because when reading black text the eye only needs to focus on what is presented, and in a case of white text on a black background it would be more challenging because the eyes and brain would need to work harder to distinguish what is not present in order to understand what is written.

I Can Read It ! Can You?

if you can raed tihs, you hvae a sgtrane mnid too. Can you raed tihs? Olny smoe plepoe can. I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't mtaetr in waht oerdr the ltteres in a wrod are, the olny iproamtnt tihng is taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it whotuit a pboerlm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not read ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Azanmig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!

You can read this because the human mind does not read every letter by itself, but the word as a whole.